The impact of targeted therapies in glioma has been modest. All the therapies that have
demonstrated a significant survival benefit for gliomas in Phase III trials, including radiation …

Intramedullary spinal cord tumors have low incidence rates but are associated with difficult
treatment options. The majority of patients with these tumors can be initially treated with an …

Diffuse gliomas occur at all ages, but their incidence is highest among older adults [7]. They
have astrocytic or oligodendroglial morphologies and are represented across WHO grades II …

Ganglioglioma is the most common epilepsy-associated neoplasm that accounts for
approximately 2% of all primary brain tumors. While a subset of gangliogliomas are known …

Abstract The 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of brain tumors did not
use molecular abnormalities as diagnostic criteria. Studies have shown that genotyping …

Alterations of the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) have been
extensively studied in several tumor entities and are known to drive cell growth in several …

Ganglioglioma (GG) is a grade I tumor characterized by alterations in the MAPK pathway,
including BRAF V600E mutation. Recently, diffuse midline glioma with an H3 K27M mutation …

A number of key mutations that affect treatment and prognosis have been identified in
human gliomas. Two major ways to identify these mutations in a tumor sample are direct …

The diagnosis, classification, and management of cancer are traditionally dictated by the site
of tumor origin, for example, breast or lung, and by specific histologic subtypes of site-of …

Advances in our understanding of the biology of paediatric central nervous system (CNS)
tumours have encouraged pathologists to use molecular markers alongside …