Many of the scientific and societal challenges in understanding and preparing for global
environmental change rest upon our ability to understand and predict the water cycle …

Global hydrology has come a long way since the first introduction of the primitive land
surface model of Manabe (1969) and the declaration of the “Emergence of Global …

Results from the fully-, biogeochemically-, and radiatively-coupled simulations in which CO
2 increases at a rate of 1% per year (1pctCO2) from its pre-industrial value are analyzed to …

Although the terrestrial biosphere absorbs about 25 per cent of anthropogenic carbon
dioxide (CO2) emissions, the rate of land carbon uptake remains highly uncertain, leading to …

Abstract Earth System Models (ESMs) are essential tools for understanding and predicting
global change, but they cannot explicitly resolve hillslope‐scale terrain structures that …

Groundwater, the largest available store of global freshwater, is relied upon by more than
two billion people. It is therefore important to quantify the spatiotemporal interactions …

More than half of the world's population now live in cities, which are known to be heat
islands. While daytime urban heat islands (UHIs) are traditionally thought to be the …

Abstract We describe the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM4. 0 physical climate
model, with emphasis on those aspects that may be of particular importance to users of this …

Three consecutive dry winters (2015–2017) in southwestern South Africa (SSA) resulted in
the Cape Town “Day Zero” drought in early 2018. The contribution of anthropogenic global …

Land surface processes modulate the severity of heat waves, droughts, and other extreme
events. However, models show contrasting effects of land surface changes on extreme …