Currently, 2D-based analogue building subdivision plans are used to represent the spatial
extent of private, public and communal property ownership rights. These plans are …

Much work has already been done on how a 3D Cadastre should best be developed. An
inclusive information model, the Land Administration Model (LADM ISO 19152) has been …

Cadastral surveying plays an important role in defining legal boundaries of land and
property. The current practice for recording cadastral survey data mainly relies on 2D digital …

Cities are facing dramatic challenges due to population growth and the massive
development of high-rises and complex structures, both above and below the ground …

The ways society use and occupy space occur in multiple dimensions; however, the ways
we manage and administer space relies on two-dimensional information representations …

Currently, there is a growing interest internationally in 3D cadastre thanks to its capability in
efficient management of land properties and rights. However, there is no fully operational …

With the growth of high-density living, disputes experienced by residents in multi-owned
buildings (MOBs) have become an ongoing challenge in urban areas. A significant number …

Cadastre in Turkey is executed as two-dimensional (2D) and parcel-based. The third
dimension (3D) on land and real estate is shown in 2D on the map with permanent rights …

Population growth and reduced availability of land are common challenges in urban areas
and lead to intensive property development. These developments extend both above and …

In most countries, three-dimensional (3D) property units are registered utilizing two-
dimensional (2D) documentation and textual description. This approach has several …