Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental
area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dysfunction of the dopamine system has been …

Dopamine, a principal neurotransmitter, deserves upgrading to 'NeuroImmunotransmitter'
thanks to its multiple, direct and powerful effects on most/all immune cells. Dopamine by …

The dopaminergic system controls several vital central nervous system functions, including
the control of movement, reward behaviors and cognition. Alterations of dopaminergic …

Neurotransmitters and neurochemicals can act on lymphocytes by binding to receptors
expressed by lymphocytes. This review describes lymphocyte expression of receptors for a …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss
of dopaminergic neurons, appearance of Lewy bodies and presence of neuroinflammation …

Helper T (Th) cells secret specific cytokines that promote immune responses whereas
glucocorticoids limit the extent of immune responses by inhibiting cytokine secretion and …

Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), a classical Th1-and
Th17-mediated autoimmune disease. There is no effective pharmacological treatment for …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the
central nervous system (CNS). Although emerging evidence has shown that changes in …

Depression is a severe mental disorder that disrupts mood and social behavior and is one of
the most common neuropsychological symptoms of other somatic diseases. During the study …

Th17 cells contribute to several inflammatory conditions and increasing evidence supports
that Th17 cells are glucocorticoid resistant. However, Th17 cells in psoriasis and related …