The roles of opioid receptors in pain and addiction have been extensively studied, but their
function in mood disorders has received less attention. Accumulating evidence from animal …

This review of major depressive disorder is a comprehensive account of the genetic,
biochemical, and neurophysiological changes that have been implicated in the disorder. No …

The use of opioid analgesics has a long history in clinical settings, although the
comprehensive action of opioid receptors is still less understood. Nonetheless, recent …

Opioid receptors are widely distributed throughout the brain and play an essential role in
modulating aspects of human mood, reward, and well-being. Accumulating evidence …

Compared to the better-known mu opioid receptor, delta opioid receptors have been
relatively understudied. However, the development of highly selective delta opioid agonists …

Decades of research advances have established a central role for endogenous opioid
systems in regulating reward processing, mood, motivation, learning and memory …

Depression is a debilitating chronic illness that affects around 350 million people worldwide.
Current treatments, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are not ideal because …

Evidence that the delta opioid receptor (DOR) is an attractive target for the treatment of brain
disorders has strengthened in recent years. This receptor is broadly expressed in the brain …

A cell can regulate how it interacts with its external environment by controlling the number of
plasma membrane receptors that are accessible for ligand stimulation. G-protein-coupled …

Since the serendipitous discovery of the first class of modern antidepressants in the 1950's,
all pharmacotherapies approved by the Food and Drug Administration for major depressive …