Maintaining the balance of a cell's redox function is key to determining cell fate. In the critical
redox system of mammalian cells, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) is the most prominent …

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid critical for protein synthesis in humans that has
emerged as a key player in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It is the only precursor for the …

Tryptophan is catabolized by gut microorganisms resulting in a wide range of metabolites
implicated in both beneficial and adverse host effects. How gut microbial tryptophan …

Breastfeeding profoundly shapes the infant gut microbiota, which is critical for early life
immune development, and the gut microbiota can impact host physiology in various ways …

Immune-microbe interactions early in life influence the risk of allergies, asthma, and other
inflammatory diseases. Breastfeeding guides healthier immune-microbe relationships by …

The mechanistic role of the airway microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) remains largely unexplored. We present a landscape of airway microbe–host …

Endogenous indole and its derivatives (indoles), considered as promising N-substituted
heterocyclic compounds, are tryptophan metabolites derived from intestinal microbiota and …

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC)
and Crohn's disease (CD), increases gradually worldwide in the past decades. IBD is …

The intestine is the largest peripheral lymphoid organ in animals, including humans, and
interacts with a vast array of microorganisms called the gut microbiota. Comprehending the …

Radiotherapy is an important treatment for abdominal tumors. A critical side effect for this
therapy is enteritis. In this review, we aim to summarize recent findings in radiation enteritis …