Botrytis cinerea, a widespread plant pathogen with a necrotrophic lifestyle, causes gray
mold disease in many crops. Massive secretion of enzymes and toxins was long considered …

Plant hormones play central roles in plant growth, developmental processes, and plant
response to biotic and abiotic stresses. On the one hand, plant hormones may allocate …

The main challenges in drug delivery systems are to protect, transport and release
biologically active compounds at the right time in a safe and reproducible manner, usually at …

Fungi are a highly diverse group of heterotrophic eukaryotes characterized by the absence
of phagotrophy and the presence of a chitinous cell wall. While unicellular fungi are far from …

Fungi have developed a plethora of strategies to colonize plants, and these interactions
result in a broad spectrum of outcomes ranging from beneficial interactions to death of the …

The hormone jasmonate (JA), which functions in plant immunity, regulates resistance to
pathogen infection and insect attack through triggering genome-wide transcriptional …

Fungi interact with plants in various ways, with each interaction giving rise to different
alterations in both partners. While fungal pathogens have detrimental effects on plant …

The constant struggle between plants and microbes has driven the evolution of multiple
defense strategies in the host as well as offense strategies in the pathogen. To defend …

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone that plays a vital role in a number of
physiological responses, including plant defense. The last two decades have witnessed a …

Fungi play many essential roles in ecosystems. They facilitate plant access to nutrients and
water, serve as decay agents that cycle carbon and nutrients through the soil, water and …