Abstract Anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized
the treatment of many types of cancer over the past decade. The initial therapeutic …

The success of cancer immunotherapy in solid tumors depends on a sufficient distribution of
effector T cells into malignant lesions. However, immune-cold tumors utilize many T-cell …

The frequent observation of organized lymphoid structures that resemble secondary
lymphoid organs in tissues that are targeted by chronic inflammatory processes, such as …

T cell help to B cells is a fundamental property of adaptive immunity, yet only recently have
many of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of T cell help emerged. T follicular helper …

Effector T cell responses have long been viewed in the context of the Th1/Th2 paradigm.
Recently, a third major subset of nonpolarized effector T cells that provides help to B cells …

T cell help for antibody production is a fundamental aspect of immune responses. Only
recently has a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms for T cell help …

Understanding the mechanisms of immune cell migration to multiple sclerosis lesions offers
significant therapeutic potential. This study focused on the chemokines CXCL12 (SDF-1) …

Antigen-driven T cell education and subsequent pathogen elimination present particular
challenges for the immune system. Pathogens generally enter the body at peripheral sites …

Objectives The utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CXCL13 for diagnosis of acute Lyme
neuroborreliosis (LNB) has been debated and the test is not yet routinely performed. This …

CD4+ T follicular helper cells (T FH) are critical for the formation and function of B cell
responses to infection or immunization, but also play an important role in autoimmunity. The …