The past decade has witnessed exponentially growing interest in the lateral habenula (LHb)
owing to new discoveries relating to its critical role in regulating negatively motivated …

It is becoming clearer how neurobiological mechanisms generate 'liking'and
'wanting'components of food reward. Mesocorticolimbic mechanisms that enhance …

Chronic stress is a major risk factor for depression onset. However, it remains unclear how
repeated stress sculpts neural circuits and finally elicits depression. Given the essential role …

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays essential roles in behaviors motivated by stimuli with
either positive or negative valence, but how it processes motivationally opposing information …

The striatal and pallidal complexes are basal ganglia structures that orchestrate learning
and execution of flexible behavior. Models of how the basal ganglia subserve these …

Behavioral adaptation to potential threats requires both a global representation of danger to
prepare the organism to react in a timely manner but also the identification of specific …

In humans, tissue injury and depression can both cause pain hypersensitivity, but whether
this involves distinct circuits remains unknown. Here, we identify two discrete glutamatergic …

Sequential encoding of motor programs is essential for behavior generation. However,
whether it is critical for instinctive behavior is still largely unknown. Mouse hunting behavior …

Behavioral and economic theory dictate that we decide between options based on their
values. However, humans and animals eagerly seek information about uncertain future …

The ventral pallidum (VP) contains GABA and glutamate neurons projecting to ventral
tegmental area (VTA) whose stimulation drives approach and avoidance, respectively. Yet …