Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) is a bacterial species complex that includes the
etiological agents of the most frequently reported vector-borne disease in the Northern …

Since ancient times, philosophers and taxonomists have tried to classify forms of life. This is
what taxonomy is about: the science of identifying, naming, classifying, and describing …

Background Ixodes ricinus is a species of hard tick that transmits several important diseases
in Europe and North Africa, including Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. Climate …

The occurrence of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) of human and veterinary interest was
studied in questing and feeding ticks collected from wild animals in a region in North …

The increasing incidence and range expansion of tick-borne diseases have caused global
threats to human and animal health under the background of climate and socioeconomic …

Environmental and climatic changes in northern Europe have shaped a geographical area
in which new tick species may become established and introduce new tick-borne …

The Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species complex currently consists of more than 20
species that utilize small vertebrate hosts as reservoirs and ticks of the genus Ixodes as …

We report the presence of Ixodes inopinatus and its sympatric occurrence with Ixodes ricinus
in southeastern Germany, western Austria, and Romania. The identification of I. inopinatus …

Hard ticks (Ixodidae) play a critical role in transmitting various tick-borne diseases (TBDs),
posing significant global threats to human and animal health. Climatic factors influence the …

Background Ixodes ricinus is an important vector of several pathogens, primarily in Europe.
Recently, Ixodes inopinatus was described from Spain, Portugal, and North Africa and then …