Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a valuable tool for the assessment of
cardiovascular autonomic function. Fast Fourier transform and autoregressive based …

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor (S1PR) modulators have a complex mechanism of
action, which are among the most efficient therapeutic options in multiple sclerosis (MS) and …

Cardiac autonomic dysfunction (CAD) has been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis
(MS). This systematic review summarizes the evidence for the types and prevalence of CAD …

Background Stroke may compromise cardiovascular–autonomic modulation (CAM). The
longitudinal post-stroke CAM alterations remain unclear as previous studies excluded …

Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and contributes
significantly to disability. We hypothesized that cerebral MS‐lesions in specific areas of the …

Background Siponimod, a second-generation, selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor
(S1PR) 1 and 5 modulator, represents an important therapeutic choice for active secondary …

Background: First dose observation for cardiac effects is required for fingolimod. Previous
results in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) suggest that transient …

Background and purpose Ischemic stroke may induce cardiovascular autonomic
dysfunction, but most previous studies have included patients with anterior circulation …

Purpose Vagomimetic fingolimod effects cause heart rate (HR) slowing upon treatment
initiation but wear off with sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor downregulation. Yet …

Objective: It is well-known that initiation of fingolimod induces a transient decrease of heart
rate. However, the underlying cardiac autonomic regulation is poorly understood. We aimed …