Opioids are a mainstay of acute pain management but can have many adverse effects,
contributing to problematic long-term use. Opioid tolerance (increased dose needed for …

The opioid epidemic, with its noticeable increase in opioid prescriptions and related misuse,
abuse and resultant deaths in the previous 12 years, is a particularly North American …

OBJECTIVE Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and multimodal analgesia are
established care models that minimize perioperative opioid consumption and promote …

Orthopedic surgery is associated with significant perioperative pain. Providing adequate
analgesia is a critical component of patient care and opioids play a vital role in the acute …

The use of remifentanil in clinical practice offers several advantages and it is used for a wide
range of procedures, ranging from day-surgery anesthesia to more complex procedures …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that initiate signaling
in innate and adaptive immune pathways. The highly conserved family of transmembrane …

Study objective Postoperative pain management in opioid users remains challenging. The
perioperative administration of ketamine might lead to favourable pain outcomes in these …

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) occurs when opioids paradoxically enhance the pain
they are prescribed to ameliorate. To address a lack of perioperative awareness, we present …

In the midst of an epidemic of opioid abuse and overdose-related morbidity and mortality,
the use of opioids remains the most common means of providing analgesia in the …

The practice of chronic opioid prescription for chronic non-cancer pain has come under
considerable scrutiny within the past several years as mounting evidence reveals a …