Vascular calcification is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. The location, density, and confluence
of calcification may change portions of the arterial conduit to a noncompliant structure …

Isoprenoid quinones are one of the most important groups of compounds occurring in
membranes of living organisms. These compounds are composed of a hydrophilic head …

Among the proteins involved in vascular calcium metabolism, the vitamin K-dependent
matrix Gla-protein (MGP) plays a dominant role. Although on a molecular level its …

Quinones are a class of natural and synthetic compounds that have several beneficial
effects. Quinones are electron carriers playing a role in photosynthesis. As vitamins, they …

Matrix γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla) protein (MGP) is an important local inhibitor of vascular
calcification, which can undergo two post-translational modifications: vitamin K-dependent γ …

The triage theory posits that some functions of micronutrients (the≈ 40 essential vitamins,
minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids) are restricted during shortage and that functions …

Osteoporosis is a public health concern associated with an increased risk of bone fractures
and vascular calcification. Vitamin K presents unique benefits on these issues, although …

Vascular calcification, a cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, is an actively
regulated process involving vitamin K dependent proteins (VKDPs) among others. Vitamin K …

In the past few decades vitamin K has emerged from a single‐function “haemostasis vitamin”
to a “multi‐function vitamin.” The use of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) inevitably showed that …

Vitamin K (vitamin K1 or phylloquinone and vitamin K2, a series of menaquinones [MKs]) is
involved in the production of bone and matrix amino acid γ‐carboxy‐glutamic acid (Gla) …