Conceptualizations of competence that permeate applied linguistics systematically fail to
account for the role of racialization in language learning and assessments thereof. To …

This article reviews two sets of research studies from outside of mathematics education to
consider how they may be relevant to the study of bilingual mathematics learners using two …

Over the past 40 years, Jim Cummins has proposed a number of highly influential theoretical
concepts, including the threshold and interdependence hypotheses and the distinction …

Translanguaging is a new term in bilingual education; it supports a heteroglossic language
ideology, which views bilingualism as valuable in its own right. Some translanguaging …

In this article, I examine two visions of bilingual education that emerged during the Civil
Rights Movement: race radicalism and liberal multiculturalism. I argue that although …

Sooner or later, as schools move to implement the new Common Core and other
forthcoming standards, almost every teacher in the United States will face the challenge of …

As linguistic diversity increases in countries around the world, policy-makers and educators
are faced with complex and conflictual issues regarding appropriate ways of educating a …

The fifth edition of this bestselling book provides a comprehensive introduction to
bilingualism and bilingual education. In a compact and clear style, its 19 chapters cover all …

The distinction between basic interpersonal communicative skills (BICS) and cognitive
academic language proficiency (CALP) was introduced by Cummins (1979, 1981a) in order …

In recent years there has been growing awareness about a sub-group of students labeled
Long-Term English Language Learners (LTELLs). Our study seeks to show how students …