Background: Lumbar muscle dysfunction due to pain might be related to altered lumbar
muscle structure. Macroscopically, muscle degeneration in low back pain (LBP) is …

Success in tennis requires a mix of player talent, good coaching, appropriate equipment,
and an understanding of those aspects of sport science pertinent to the game. This paper …

For Students: Fundamentals of Biomechanics is written for Kinesiology/Exercise and Sports
Science majors taking the required introductory biomechanics course. Welcome to the …

Stability is one of the most fundamental concepts to characterize and evaluate any system.
This term is often ambiguously used in spinal biomechanics. Confusion arises when the …

Dense connective tissue sheets, commonly known as fascia, play an important role as force
transmitters in human posture and movement regulation. Fascia is usually seen as having a …

Fascia is composed of collagenous connective tissue surrounding and interpenetrating
skeletal muscle, joints, organs, nerves, and vascular beds. Fascial tissue forms a whole …

Individuals with back pain are often diagnosed with spine instability, even though it is
unclear whether the spine is susceptible to unstable behavior. The spine is a complex …

It is reasonable to think that patients responding to spinal manipulation (SM), a mechanically
based therapy, would have mechanical derangement of the spine as a critical causal …

The current study provides a quantitative assessment of three-dimensional spine motion
during target-directed trunk movements in sitting. Subjects sat on an elevated surface …

Surface perturbation has been used for decades to study balance and postural control;
however the behavior of the trunk in these postural responses has been largely overlooked …