Abiotic stress poses major problems to agriculture and increasing efforts are being made to
understand plant stress response and tolerance mechanisms and to develop new tools that …

Most legume species have the ability to establish a symbiotic relationship with soil nitrogen‐
fixing rhizobacteria that promote plant growth and productivity. There is an increasing …

Sustainable strategies for the management of iron deficiency in agriculture are warranted
because of the low use efficiency of commercial iron fertilizer, which confounds global food …

Symbiotic interactions were key to the evolution of chloroplast and mitochondria organelles,
which mediate carbon and energy metabolism in eukaryotes. Biological nitrogen fixation, the …

We compared two apple rootstocks–Malus prunifolia and Malus hupehensis–that differ in
their tolerance to this abiotic stress. The former is considered drought-tolerant, the latter …

Transition metals such as iron, copper, zinc, or molybdenum are essential nutrients for
plants. These elements are involved in almost every biological process, including …

Abstract Background Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are beneficial microorganisms in
soil-plant interactions; however, the underlying mechanisms regarding their roles in …

In most legume nodules, the di-nitrogen (N2)-fixing rhizobia are present as organelle-like
structures inside their root host cells. Many processes operate and interact within the …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonize roots improving plant water status and tolerance
to drought. However, it is not clear whether the presence of AM would affect the …

Germination ability is regulated by a combination of environmental and endogenous signals
with both synergistic and antagonistic effects. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent dormancy …