Tribological challenges and advancements in wind turbine bearings: A review

A Dhanola, HC Garg - Engineering Failure Analysis, 2020 - Elsevier
The power generation from wind farms is growing very fast all over the world, and wind
energy is now playing the most significant role to aid sustainable development since the last …

Broad review of “White Etching Crack” failure in wind turbine gearbox bearings: Main factors and experimental investigations

FJ López-Uruñuela, B Fernández-Díaz… - International Journal of …, 2021 - Elsevier
Subsurface crack networks surrounded by microstructural alterations, named as “White
Etching Cracks”(WEC), lead to wind turbine gearbox bearing (WTGB) premature failures …

The role of size and volume fraction of carbides on hydrogen embrittlement and white etching areas formation in bearing steel under dynamic loading

A Panda, L Davis, P Ramkumar… - International Journal of …, 2023 - Elsevier
Despite of more than two decades of research in white etching areas (WEAs), this
phenomenon still persists in wind turbine gearbox bearings leading to a reduction of L 10 …

The role of retained austenite against hydrogen embrittlement and white etching area formation in bearing steel under dynamic loading

A Panda, L Davis, P Ramkumar… - International Journal of …, 2024 - Elsevier
White etching areas (WEAs) are premature failure witnessed in wind turbine gearbox
bearings, due to which it fails within 10% of design life causing huge economic losses …

Effect of DLC film on the mitigation of white etching areas (WEAs) under dynamic loading

L Davis, P Ramkumar - Surface and Coatings Technology, 2023 - Elsevier
The premature failures in wind turbine gearbox bearings are primarily caused by the decay
of subsurface microstructure called white etching areas and white etching cracks. Severe …

The influence of lubricants on white etching areas formation in DLC-coated bearing steel under severe boundary lubrication

L Davis, A Panda, P Ramkumar - Tribology International, 2024 - Elsevier
White etching areas (WEAs) and white etching cracks (WECs) are the catastrophic
premature failure modes associated with wind turbine gearbox bearings. Several drivers …

Early stages of subsurface crack and WEC formation in 100Cr6 bearing steel under RCF and hydrogen influence

FJ López-Uruñuela, B Fernández-Díaz… - International Journal of …, 2022 - Elsevier
Hydrogen precharged specimens were tested in a disc-on-disc tribometer to study the early
stages of crack formation that, with cycling, eventually generate WEC or WSF. Specimens …

Lubricant performance against white etching areas (WEAs) formation in AISI 52100 bearing steel under cyclic compressive loading

D Linto, P Ramkumar - Proceedings of the Institution of …, 2023 - journals.sagepub.com
Premature bearing failures commonly occur in applications that operate under extreme
boundary conditions. The lubrication engineers and tribologists are confronting a key …

Comprehensive analysis of effects of dynamic load frequency and hydrogenation to instigate White Etching Areas (WEAs) formation under severe sliding condition of …

K Sreeraj, P Ramkumar - Tribology International, 2020 - Elsevier
This study investigates the effect of loading frequency and hydrogenation to instigate the
White Etching Areas (WEAs) formation under severe sliding condition of bearing steel …

Formation mechanism for the white etching microstructure in the subsurface of the failure pearlite wheel steel

C Liu, G Zhang, C Chen, P Liu, J Pan, B Zhang, R Ren - Wear, 2022 - Elsevier
The subsurface white etching microstructure (WEM) was an important reason to cause the
rolling contact fatigue (RCF) failure of wheel materials. The WEM formation mechanism in …