The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

ROS functions as a second messenger and modulates multiple signaling pathways under
the physiological conditions. However, excessive intracellular ROS causes damage to the …

Rationale: Excessive Ang II (angiotensin II) levels lead to a profibrotic and hypertrophic
milieu that produces deleterious remodeling and dysfunction in hypertension-associated …

Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) in the S1 segment of the kidney abundantly express
sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLT) that play a critical role in whole body glucose …

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte
proliferation and differentiation and by an influx of inflammatory cells. The mechanisms …

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a potentially fatal autoimmune disease. Although
interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been linked to human lupus and mouse models of this disease, it …

Pathological angiogenesis is a key feature of many diseases including retinopathies such as
ROP (retinopathy of prematurity) and DR (diabetic retinopathy). There is considerable …

Oxidative stress has been linked to the pathogenesis of the major complications of diabetes
in the kidney, the heart, the eye or the vasculature. NADPH oxidases of the Nox family are a …

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induces endothelial cell death through the
activation of NF-κB and AP-1 pathways. TRAF3IP2 is a redox-sensitive cytoplasmic adapter …

Sustained induction and activation of matrixins (matrix metalloproteinases or MMPs), and
the destruction and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), are the hallmarks of cardiac …