We review many of the recent findings concerning mechanisms and pathways for pain and
its modulation, emphasizing sensitization and the modulation of nociceptors and of dorsal …

Multireceptive neurones are found in the spinal dorsal horn and may be projection neurones
and/or interneurones for polysynaptic reflexes. The cutaneous receptive field of a …

The third edition of this monograph continues to have the goal of providing an overview of
current thought about the spinal cord mechanisms that are responsible for sensory …

Pain inhibition by additional somatosensory input is the rationale for the widespread use of
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) to relieve pain. Two main types of …

The aim of this study was to investigate how exercise influenced endogenous pain
modulation in healthy controls, shoulder myalgia patients and fibromyalgia (FM) patients …

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a technique that delivers mild
electrical currents across the intact surface of the skin to reduce pain. TENS is used by …

Background and objectives Chronic neuropathic pain is a common challenging condition
following amputation. Recent research demonstrated the feasibility of percutaneously …

Impulses in primary afferent nerve fibers may produce short-or long-lasting modifications in
spinal nociception. Here we have identified a robust long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic …

Aerobic exercise has been shown to activate endogenous opioid and adrenergic systems
and attenuate experimental pain in normal control subjects (NC). In contrast, fibromyalgia …

This study aimed at evaluating the influence of submaximal isometric contraction on
pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) in 14 fibromyalgia (FM) patients and 14 healthy volunteers …