The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

In ischemic stroke, the primary neuronal injury caused by the disruption of energy supply is
further exacerbated by secondary sterile inflammation. The inflammatory cascade is largely …

Adenosine is a neuromodulator that operates via the most abundant inhibitory adenosine A
1 receptors (A 1 Rs) and the less abundant, but widespread, facilitatory A 2A Rs. It is …

Epigenetic modifications, including changes in DNA methylation, lead to altered gene
expression and thus may underlie epileptogenesis via induction of permanent changes in …

Caffeine is the most consumed pychostimulant in the world, and it is known to affect basic
and fundamental human processes such as sleep, arousal, cognition and learning and …

Ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in the time.
After ischemia a primary damage due to the early massive increase of extracellular …

Interest is growing in the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on P2 receptors during
hypoxic/ischemic events in the brain. However, there is no direct evidence of an increase in …

This review summarizes recent developments that have contributed to understand how
adenosine receptors, particularly A2A receptors, modulate brain injury in various animal …

In the pursuit of improved treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD), the adenosine A2A
receptor has emerged as an attractive nondopaminergic target. Based on the compelling …

Adenosine A2A receptors are most abundant in the striatum where they control the
striatopallidal pathway thus controlling locomotion. Extra-striatal A2A receptors are …