Defensins comprise one of the largest groups of host defence peptides, present throughout
evolution, in fungi and flowering plants as well as in invertebrates and vertebrates. These …

The last decade led to the discovery and characterization of several human β-defensins.
Analysis of genomic information indicates that the number of β-defensin-like molecules …

Antimicrobial peptides are small, cationic, amphiphilic peptides of 12–50 amino acids with
microbicidal activity against both bacteria and fungi. The eukaryotic antimicrobial peptides …

Host defence peptides are found in all classes of life and are a fundamental component of
the innate immune response. Initially it was believed that their sole role in innate immunity …

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are crucial players in the innate immune response to microbial
invaders. These receptors are expressed on immune cells, such as monocytes …

With the exception of vitamin D production, virtually all epidermal functions can be
considered as protective, or more specifically, as defensive in nature (1). Yet, the term …

Agriculture surplus were used as substrates to synthesize γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by
Lactobacillus plantarum DSM19463 for the manufacture of a functional beverage or as a …

In sites of inflammation or tissue injury, hyaluronic acid (HA), ubiquitous in the extracellular
matrix, is broken down into low mw HA (LMW-HA) fragments that have been reported to …

Human skin apart from functioning as a physical barricade to stop the entry of pathogens,
also hosts innumerable commensal organisms. The skin cells and the immune system …

Background Inflammation is part of the regular host reaction to injury or infection caused by
toxic factors, pathogens, damaged cells, irritants, and allergens. Antiinflammatory peptides …