When the novel coronavirus entered the US, most US states implemented lockdown
measures. In April–May 2020, state governments started political discussions about whether …

Individual perceptions of income distribution play a vital role in political economy and public
finance models, yet there is little evidence regarding their origins or accuracy. This study …

Researchers have used terms such as unrealistic optimism and optimistic bias to refer to
concepts that are similar but not synonymous. Drawing from 3 decades of research, we …

The canonical model of Allingham and Sandmo (1972) predicts that firms evade taxes by
optimally trading off between the costs and benefits of evasion. However, there is no direct …

Perceived risk for disease is included as a predictor of intentions and behavior in many
health behavior theories. However, perceived risk is not always a strong predictor of …

Background and aims People's perceptions of the harmfulness of e‐cigarettes, compared
with cigarettes, may influence their product use decisions. We tested if perceiving e …

Background. Numeracy refers to people's ability to use numbers. Low numeracy has been
associated with difficulties in understanding risk-benefit information and making health …

In this chapter, we cover the history, methodology, and recent advances in the use of
probabilistic questions on household surveys that assess economic expectations. Section …

Subjective expectations are important primitives in many economic models, yet their direct
measurement often yields imprecise and inconsistent data. This has previously been treated …

Background: Risk perceptions are legitimate targets for behavioral interventions because
they can motivate medical decisions and health behaviors. However, some survey …