Biological particles in the Earth's atmosphere are a distinctive category of ice nucleating
particles (INPs) due to their capability of facilitating ice crystal formation in clouds at …

Abstract Knowledge of the small-scale processes that occur within clouds leading to the
production of rainfall is required to determine how the release or absorption of latent heat …

Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are atmospheric aerosol particles that can strongly influence
the radiative properties and precipitation onset in mixed-phase clouds by triggering ice …

In recent years, sea spray as well as the biological material it contains has received
increased attention as a source of ice-nucleating particles (INPs). Such INPs may play a role …

Prediction of ice formation in clouds presents one of the grand challenges in the
atmospheric sciences. Immersion freezing initiated by ice-nucleating particles (INPs) is the …

The nucleation of ice crystals in clouds is poorly understood, despite being of critical
importance for our planet's climate. Nucleation occurs largely at rare “active sites” present on …

Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are of atmospheric importance because they catalyse the
freezing of supercooled cloud droplets, strongly affecting the lifetime and radiative properties …

The primary sugar compounds (SCs, defined as glucose, arabitol, and mannitol) are widely
recognized as suitable molecular markers to characterize and apportion primary biogenic …

Atmospheric aerosol and the cloud droplets and ice crystals that grow on them remain major
sources of uncertainty in global climate models. A subset of aerosol, ice nucleating particles …

Within the last years pollen grains have gained increasing attention due to their cloud-
forming potential. Especially the discovery that ice nucleating macromolecules (INMs) or …