Male germ cells undergo an extreme but fascinating process of chromatin remodeling that
begins in the testis during the last phase of spermatogenesis and continues through …

The genome of mammalian sperm is largely packaged by sperm-specific proteins termed
protamines. The presence of some residual nucleosomes has, however, emerged as a …

In sexual reproduction, sperm contribute half the genomic material required for creation of
offspring yet core molecular mechanisms essential for their formation are undefined. Here …

Mammalian sperm show an unusual and heavily compacted genomic packaging state. In
addition to its role in organizing the compact and hydrodynamic sperm head, it has been …

Background Molecular techniques can complement conventional spermiogram analyses to
provide new information on the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa and to identify early …

The process of aging refers to physiological changes that occur to an organism as time
progresses and involves changes to DNA, proteins, metabolism, cells, and organs. Like the …

Biological differences between males and females lead to many differences in physiology,
disease, and overall health. One of the most prominent disparities is in the number of …

The global replacement of histones with protamines in sperm chromatin is widespread in
animals, including insects, but its actual function remains enigmatic. We show that in the …

Protamines (PRM1 and PRM2) are small, arginine-rich, nuclear proteins that replace
histones in the final stages of spermiogenesis, ensuring chromatin compaction and nuclear …

Antioxidants have a well-established effect on general health and are essential in
preventing oxidative damage to cells by scavenging free radicals. Free radicals are thought …