The control of electrons at the level of the elementary charge e was demonstrated
experimentally already in the 1980s. Ever since, the production of an electrical current ef, or …

The quantum Hall effect (QHE) provides an invariant reference for resistance linked to
natural constants. It is used worldwide to maintain and compare the unit of resistance. The …

Non-perturbative measurements of low-intensity charged particle beams are particularly
challenging to beam diagnostics due to the low amplitude of the induced electromagnetic …

The accurate measurement of the resistor load effect is necessary for precision resistance
transfer, especially in international comparisons. In this article, a method to evaluate the …

Low temperature superconducting quantum interference devices (LTS SQUIDs) are used to
make precision measurements of electromagnetic fields in applications ranging from …

We have developed a 1: 30000 winding ratio cryogenic current comparator (CCC) for
measurement of small currents, eg, generated by a single electron transport device. A …

As a consequence of the" image effect" the inductances of coils and superconducting
devices do change. Calculations are performed with the help of commercial software based …

In the low-energy Antiproton Decelerator (AD) and the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton
(ELENA) rings at CERN, an absolute measurement of the beam intensity is essential to …

Monitoring of beam currents in particle accelerators without affecting the beam guiding
elements, interrupting the beam or influencing its profile is a major challenge in accelerator …

To enable the efficient investigation of some fundamental questions concerning the physics
with low-energy antiprotons, a novel U ltra-low energy S torage R ing (USR) will be …