Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by a low glomerular filtration rate or high
albuminuria, and affects 15–20% of adults globally. CKD increases the risk of various …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function. The gradual decline in
kidney function leads to an accumulation of toxins normally cleared by the kidneys, resulting …

The gut microbiota is a highly complex community which evolves and adapts to its host over
a lifetime. It has been described as a virtual organ owing to the myriad of functions it …

Mass spectrometry-and nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic studies comparing
diseased versus healthy individuals have shown that microbial metabolites are often the …

Our group recently discovered that certain dietary nutrients possessing a trimethylamine
(TMA) moiety, namely choline/phosphatidylcholine and L-carnitine, participate in the …

A growing number of publications supports a biologic effect of the protein-bound uremic
retention solutes indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate. However, the use of unrealistically high …

If chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an impairment of kidney function, several
uremic solutes are retained. Some of these exert toxic effects, which are called uremic …

The importance of gut microbiota in health and disease is being highlighted by numerous
research groups worldwide. Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of heart disease and stroke …

Diabetes is a metabolic condition. The composition of the gut microbiota is altered in
diabetes with reduced levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) producers, notably butyrate …

Available evidence on the bioactive, nutritional and putative detrimental properties of gut
microbial metabolites has been evaluated to support a more integrated view of how …