The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long
been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical …

Abstract The three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs) model is
becoming an essential tool in cancer research as it expresses an intermediate complexity …

Multiorgan-on-a-chip (multi-OoC) platforms have great potential to redefine the way in which
human health research is conducted. After briefly reviewing the need for comprehensive …

Brain development is an extraordinarily complex process achieved through the spatially and
temporally regulated release of key patterning factors. In vitro neurodevelopmental models …

Predicting the effects of drugs before human clinical trials is at the heart of drug screening
and discovery processes. The cost of drug discovery is steadily increasing owing to the …

Cancer is one of the leading causes of human death, despite enormous efforts to explore
cancer biology and develop anticancer therapies. The main challenges in cancer research …

Human brain wrinkling has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders and yet its
origins remain unknown. Polymer gel models suggest that wrinkling emerges spontaneously …

Highlights•Traditional drug screening model systems are inadequate.•Organoid-on-a-chip
platforms stand to significantly advance drug and toxicology screening.•A wide variety or …

To curb the high cost of drug development, there is an urgent need to develop more
predictive tissue models using human cells to determine drug efficacy and safety in advance …

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. The complex and disorganized tumor
microenvironment makes it very difficult to treat this disease. The most common in vitro drug …