Importance Subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as an elevated serum thyrotropin (often
referred to as thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH) level with normal levels of free thyroxine …

Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are closely linked. Several studies have
documented the increased prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus …

Myocardial and vascular endothelial tissues have receptors for thyroid hormones and are
sensitive to changes in the concentrations of circulating thyroid hormones. The importance …

During ageing, the secretory patterns of the hormones produced by the hypothalamic–
pituitary axis change, as does the sensitivity of the axis to negative feedback by end …

Background: A number of recent advances in our understanding of thyroid physiology may
shed light on why some patients feel unwell while taking levothyroxine monotherapy. The …

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) should be considered in two categories according to the
elevation in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level: mildly increased TSH levels (4.0 …

Hypothyroidism is a commonly encountered clinical condition with variable prevalence. It
has profound effects on cardiac function that can impact cardiac contractility, vascular …

Objective This guideline will provide the practicing endocrinologist with an approach to the
assessment and treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with endocrine diseases, with the …

Obesity is an emerging condition, with a prevalence of~ 20%. Although the simple
measurement of BMI is likely a simplistic approach to obesity, BMI is easily calculated, and …

Whenever possible, the recommendations listed in this document are evidence based.
Articles reviewed in this guideline revision covered evidence from the past 10 years through …