Background Using blood lactate monitoring for risk assessment in the critically ill patient
remains controversial. Some of the discrepancy is due to uncertainty regarding the …

Patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) often require ICU admission, especially when signs of
multiorgan failure are present, a condition that defines AP as severe. This disease is …

Objectives Sustained changes in resuscitation and transfusion management have been
observed since the turn of the millennium, along with an ongoing discussion of surgical …

Background: The optimal resuscitative fluid remains controversial. Objective: To assess the
association between crystalloid fluid and outcomes in critically ill adults. Methods …

Purpose Acid–base derangement has been poorly described in patients with coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19). Considering the high prevalence of pneumonia and kidneys …

The normal blood lactate level is 0–2 mmol/L, and a value above 3–5 mmol/L is variably
used to define hyperlactatemia. In cardiac surgical patients, hyperlactatemia can arise from …

Acid‐base homeostasis is crucial for normal physiology, metabolism, and functions of living
organisms. Thus, the development of effective techniques to monitor it either in vitro or in …

Objective: To compare the prognostic abilities of lactic acidosis and hyperlactatemia and
determine the influence of metabolic acidosis when attempting to predict the outcome of …

Sepsis is an inflammatory response triggered by infection, with a high in-hospital mortality
rate. Early recognition and treatment can reverse the inflammatory response, with evidence …

Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), instigated by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has hugely impacted global public health. To …