Astrocytes contribute to the complex cellular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Neurons and astrocytes function in close collaboration through neurotransmitter recycling …

Together with aspartate, glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.
Glutamate binds and activates both ligand-gated ion channels (ionotropic glutamate …

It is increasingly accepted that early cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease results in
considerable part from synaptic dysfunction caused by the accumulation of a range of …

Iron dyshomeostasis is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) alongside β-amyloid and tau
pathologies. Despite the recent discovery of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form cell death …

The antiporter system xc− imports the amino acid cystine, the oxidized form of cysteine, into
cells with a 1: 1 counter-transport of glutamate. It is composed of a light chain, xCT, and a …

NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-induced excitotoxicity is thought to contribute to the cell death
associated with certain neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, epilepsy, and traumatic brain …

N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play a pivotal role in the synaptic transmission
and synaptic plasticity thought to underlie learning and memory. NMDARs activation has …

Lactate has previously been considered a metabolic waste and is mainly involved in
exercise-induced fatigue. However, recent studies have found that lactate may be a …

Astrocyte reactivity is a hallmark of neuroinflammation that arises with Alzheimer's disease
(AD) and nearly every other neurodegenerative condition. While astrocytes certainly …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related dementia and neurodegenerative disorder,
characterized by Aβ and tau protein deposition impairing learning, memory and suppressing …