Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are frequently observed in IBDs and contribute
considerably to morbidity and mortality. They have long been considered a difficult to treat …

Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a group of retinal disorders that cause progressive
and severe loss of vision because of retinal cell death, mainly photoreceptor cells. IRDs …

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that involves the eyes in 10–55% of cases,
sometimes without systemic involvement. All eye structures can be affected, but uveitis is the …

Uveitis is an inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, vitreous, retina, or choroid, which has been
shown to be the first manifestation of numerous systemic diseases. Studies about the …

Since the first reported use in 2001 of an anti–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) agent,
infliximab, for the treatment of uveitis, several new anti–TNF-α agents have emerged for the …

There has been steady progress in understanding the pathogenesis, clinical features, and
effective treatment of acute anterior uveitis (AU) over the past 5 years. Large gene wide …

Objective Axial spondyloarthritis (axial SpA) is characterized by inflammation of the spine
and sacroiliac joints and can also affect extraarticular sites, with the most common …

Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) represents one of the leading causes of blindness in developed
countries. The therapeutic strategy aims to rapidly control intra-ocular inflammation, prevent …

The TNF-α inhibitors adalimumab and infliximab have the greatest body of data supporting
their use in NIU. These agents are considered second-line therapy for most forms of NIU but …

Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of golimumab (GOL) and
certolizumab pegol (CZP) as additional treatment options for the treatment of uveitis …