The anthropocentric term “extremophile” was introduced more than 30 years ago to describe
any organism capable of living and growing under extreme conditions—ie, particularly …

Conventional energy resources are depleting very fast and to meet the global energy
demand, the scarcity of these resources is the most crucial factor in the present era. One of …

While grounded in the hard sciences of physics, chemistry, geology, and astronomy, as well
as well-accepted principles in the life sciences, astrobiology remains the most speculative of …

Planetary rovers increasingly rely on vision‐based components for autonomous navigation
and mapping. Developing and testing these components requires representative optical …

This article presents a robust approach to navigating at high speed across desert terrain. A
central theme of this approach is the combination of simple ideas and components to build a …

This paper contributes an extensive review of the history from the former robotics to the
present providing a particular emphasis on innovative technical contents of robotic …

Autonomy In robotics autonomy conventionally refers to the degree to which a robot is able
to make its own decisions about which actions to take next. Thus a fully autonomous robot …

Remote surface measurements by imaging spectrometers play an important role in
planetary and Earth science. To make these measurements, investigators calibrate …

Robotic exploration tasks involve inherent uncertainty. They typically include navigating
through unknown terrain, searching for features that may or may not be present, and …

In common with other Mars exploration missions, human supervision of Europe's ExoMars
Rover will be mostly indirect via orbital relay spacecraft and thus far from immediate. The …