Vertebrates exhibit sexual dimorphism in response to infectious diseases and in morbidity
and mortality rates to various pathogens. Females are generally more immunocompetent …

Wildlife researchers seeking to non-invasively examine endocrine function in their study
species are presented with a dense and technical 'garden of forking paths' to navigate …

For energetically limited organisms, life‐history theory predicts trade‐offs between
reproductive effort and somatic maintenance. This is especially true of female mammals, for …

Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are threatened globally, with infectious diseases ranking
among the major threat factors. NHPs may also harbor zoonotic pathogens that may …

The reproductive mode of viviparity has independently evolved in various animal taxa. It
refers to the condition in which the embryos or young develop inside the female's body …

Understanding processes driving pathogen transmission in bats is critical to prevent
spillovers and emergence events. However, it requires fine-scale ecological investigations …

Microbes living within the mammalian gastrointestinal tract affect the metabolization and
extraction of dietary nutrients, immune function, colonization by pathogens, and risk of …