Background Managing stress and having good quality sleep are inter-related factors that are
essential for health, and both factors seem to be affected by physical activity. Although there …

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is arguably the most common psychiatric disorder to
arise after exposure to a traumatic event. Since its formal introduction in the DSM‐III in 1980 …

Psychophysiological research integrating heart rate variability (HRV) has increased during
the last two decades, particularly given the fact that HRV is able to index cardiac vagal tone …

The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA axis) is required for stress adaptation.
Activation of the HPA axis causes secretion of glucocorticoids, which act on multiple organ …

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, a neuroendocrine network that controls
hormonal responses to internal and external challenges in an organism's environment …

The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its end product cortisol are essential for
an adequate response to stress. Considering the role of stress as a risk factor for psychiatric …

Background Research on early adversity, stress biology, and child development has grown
exponentially in recent years. Findings We review the current evidence for the hypothalamic …

A growing body of research has indicated that acute stress can critically impact memory.
However, there are a number of inconsistencies in the literature, and important questions …

Glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol and corticosterone-CORT) are the effector hormones of
the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis neuroendocrine system. CORT is a systemic …

Cognitive control and (cognitive) flexibility play an important role in an individual's ability to
adapt to continuously changing environments. In addition to facilitating goal-directed …