Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics
that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic …

Aging is characterized by systemic chronic inflammation, which is accompanied by cellular
senescence, immunosenescence, organ dysfunction, and age-related diseases. Given the …

Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase
family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has
caused a devastating pandemic. Although most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused
a pandemic named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has become the greatest …

COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, can result in acute respiratory distress
syndrome and multiple organ failure,,–, but little is known about its pathophysiology. Here …

The innate immune response is critical for recognizing and controlling infections through the
release of cytokines and chemokines. However, severe pathology during some infections …

Although microbial populations in the gut microbiome are associated with COVID-19
severity, a causal impact on patient health has not been established. Here we provide …

Inflammasomes are important sentinels of innate immune defence, sensing pathogens and
inducing cell death in infected cells. There are several inflammasome sensors that each …