Microbial colonization on material surfaces is ubiquitous. Biofilms derived from surface‐
colonized microbes pose serious problems to the society from both an economical …

At present, there is an urgent need in medicine and industry to develop new approaches to
eliminate bacterial biofilms. Considering the low efficiency of classical approaches to biofilm …

Microbial cells (ie, bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes) in oceans secrete a diverse array of
large molecules, collectively called extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) or simply …

Abstract Metal oxide nanoparticles (MeO-NPs) are among the most consumed NPs and also
have wide applications in various areas which increased their release into the …

Micro and nanoscale drug carriers must navigate through a plethora of dynamic biological
systems prior to reaching their tissue or disease targets. The biological obstacles to drug …

Bacteria are essential components of all natural and many engineered systems. The most
active fractions of bacteria are now recognized to occur as biofilms, where cells are attached …

A biofilm is an aggregation of surface-associated microbial cells that is confined in an
extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. Infections caused by microbes that form …

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is one of the microscopic techniques with the highest lateral
resolution. It can usually be applied in air or even in liquids, enabling the investigation of a …

The increased flux of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in consumer and commercial
products has become a viable threat, particularly if their release affects the environment. The …

Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that grow on surfaces and are
embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These are prevalent in various …