Finite element human body models (HBMs) are becoming increasingly important numerical
tools for traffic safety. Developing a validated and reliable HBM from the start requires …

Objective The study determined the seatbelt pre-pretensioner force needed and the time
required to reposition average male front-seat passengers from forward-leaning to upright …

Traffic accident avoidance and mitigation are the main targets of accident research and
vehicle safety development worldwide. Despite improving advanced driver assistance …

Objective This study investigated the effects of different seatbelt geometries and load-limiting
levels on the kinematics and injury risks of a reclined occupant during a whole-sequence …

Objective Previous research has established the effectiveness of active pretensioning
seatbelts (APS), also termed motorized pretensioning seatbelts, in mitigating forward …

The forward displacement caused by the precrash braking may influence occupant injury
risks in frontal impacts. However, the occupant injury mechanisms in the small overlap …

While pre-crash braking reduced organ injury risk in animals in sled-testing, it is known to
increase occupant forward excursion during pre-crash, thereby increasing risk of injurious …

Objective: This study aims to identify significant factors influencing lower limb injury trends
during integrated active–passive collision processes, and further analyze the influence of …