Interaural time differences (ITDs) represent an important cue in sound localization and
auditory scene analysis. To assess this cue the auditory system internally delays binaural …

The barn owl is a well-known model system for studying auditory processing and sound
localization. This article reviews the morphological and functional organization, as well as …

The relative arrival times of sounds at both ears constitute an important cue for localization of
low-frequency sounds in the horizontal plane. The binaural neurons of the medial superior …

Birds and mammals exploit interaural time differences (ITDs) for sound localization.
Subsequent to ITD detection by brainstem neurons, ITD processing continues in parallel …

Detecting interaural time difference (ITD) is crucial for sound localization. The temporal
accuracy required to detect ITD, and how ITD is initially encoded, continue to puzzle …

During hunting, the barn owl typically listens to several successive sounds as generated, for
example, by rustling mice. As auditory cells exhibit adaptive coding, the earlier stimuli may …

The barn owl is a nocturnal predator with excellent sound localization ability. Due to the
asymmetric ears of this bird, the interaural time and level differences, respectively, provide …

Birds use microsecond differences in the arrival times of the sounds at the two ears to infer
the location of a sound source in the horizontal plane. These interaural time differences …

Localization of sound sources relies on 2 main binaural cues: interaural time differences
(ITD) and interaural level differences. ITD computing is first carried out in tonotopically …

Inputs from the two sides of the brain interact to create maps of interaural time difference
(ITD) in the nucleus laminaris of birds. How inputs from each side are matched with high …