Carotenoids are essential for the survival of photosynthetic organisms [1-6]. They act as
protective devices against irreversible photodestruction of the photosynthetic apparatus …

Interaction between excited and ground states of two molecular chromophores has been the
subject of considerable interest. 1 It is manifested in chemical reactions, 1 in complex …

Design Principles. Let us begin with the design of the simplest artificial reaction center of the
type discussed above. It will consist of a visible-light-absorbing pigment which can act, for …

The genesis of the exploration of electron transfer (ET) in the condensed phase dates back
to the origins of chemistry in the nineteenth century. In 1808 Humphry Davy observed [1] that …

The efficient conversion of light into electricity or chemical fuels is a fundamental challenge.
In artificial photosynthetic and photovoltaic devices, this conversion is generally thought to …

Light-harvesting arrays containing one, two, or eight boron-dipyrrin (BDPY) pigments and
one porphyrin (free base or Zn chelate) have been synthesized using a modular building …

Porphyrin-linked fullerene 1 and porphyrin-linked quinone 2 have been designed and
synthesized to evaluate the size and shape effect of fullerene in electron transfer. For …

The synthesis of meso-substituted porphyrins has traditionally been achieved under rather
forcing conditions (Figure 1). In the Rothemund method (ca. 1941) an aldehyde and pyrrole …

Artificial photosynthesis comprises the design of systems for converting solar energy into
useful forms based on the fundamental science underlying natural photosynthesis. There …

Four different kinds of C60-linked zincporphyrins have been prepared by changing
systematically the linking position at meso-phenyl ring from ortho to para and their …