Life is a non‐equilibrium state of matter maintained at the expense of energy. Nature uses
predominantly chemical energy stored in thermodynamically activated, but kinetically stable …

Coiled‐coils are found in proteins throughout all three kingdoms of life. Coiled‐coil domains
of some proteins are almost invariant in sequence and length, betraying a structural and …

Eukaryotic cells have been confronted throughout their evolution with potentially lethal
plasma membrane injuries, including those caused by osmotic stress, by infection from …

Proteins can exist in a trinity of structures: the ordered state, the molten globule, and the
random coil. The five following examples suggest that native protein structure can …

Myosin motors power movements on actin filaments, whereas dynein and kinesin motors
power movements on microtubules. The mechanisms of these motor proteins differ, but, in …

▪ Abstract Microtubules are polymers that are essential for, among other functions, cell
transport and cell division in all eukaryotes. The regulation of the microtubule system …

The microtubule-based kinesin motors and actin-based myosin motors generate motions
associated with intracellular trafficking, cell division, and muscle contraction. Early studies …

Sequences and available structures were compared for all the widely distributed
representatives of the P-loop GTPases and GTPase-related proteins with the aim of …

Myosins constitute a large superfamily of actin-dependent molecular motors. Phylogenetic
analysis currently places myosins into 15 classes. The conventional myosins which form …

Kinesin is a two-headed, ATP-dependent motor protein, that moves along microtubules
indiscrete steps of 8 nm. In vitro, single molecules produceprocessive movement,, motors …