Mice and rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), which may express their arousal and
emotional states, to communicate with each other. There is continued scientific effort to …

The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER) is an extranuclear estrogen receptor that
regulates the expression of several downstream signaling pathways with a variety of …

Vocal deficits and anxiety are common, co-occurring, and interacting signs of Parkinson
Disease (PD) that have a devastating impact on quality of life. Both manifest early in the …

Deterioration in the quality of a person's voice and speech is an early marker of Parkinson's
disease (PD). In humans, the neural circuit that supports vocal motor control consists of a …

Early motor and non-motor signs of Parkinson disease (PD) include dysphagia,
gastrointestinal dysmotility, and constipation. However, because these often manifest prior to …

Parkinson disease (PD) causes voice and swallow dysfunction even in early stages of the
disease. Treatment of this dysfunction is limited, and the neuropathology underlying this …

Background Parkinson disease (PD) is the fastest growing neurodegenerative disease. The
molecular pathology of PD in the prodromal phase is poorly understood; as such, there are …

Objectives and hypothesis Vocal dysfunction, including hypophonia, in Parkinson disease
(PD) manifests in the prodromal period and significantly impacts an individual's quality of …

Vocal communication, cognition, and affective state are key features of sustained health and
wellness, and because vocalizations are often socially-motivated, social experience likely …

Abstract Purpose of Review Dysphagia is highly prevalent in Parkinson disease (PD) but is
not typically identified nor treated until later in the disease process. This review summarizes …