Vaccines have proven effective in the treatment and prevention of numerous diseases.
However, traditional attenuated and inactivated vaccines suffer from certain drawbacks such …

The pervasive use of antibiotics in agriculture and animal husbandry has raised a significant
concern—residual antibiotic contamination in food, which contributes to the natural evolution …

This review highlights the recent development in the use of carriers of increasing simplicities
and versatile chemical ligation processes leading to synthetic vaccine candidates against …

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are currently a major challenge in medicine. One
reason is the presence of the blood–brain barrier, which is a significant limitation for …

The development of efficient mucosal vaccines is strongly dependent on the use of
appropriate vectors. Various biological systems or synthetic nanoparticles have been …

The rapid evolution of two technologies has greatly transformed the basic, translational, and
clinical research in the mammalian retina. One is the retinal organoid (RO) technology …

Rare genetic diseases, often referred to as orphan diseases due to their low prevalence and
limited treatment options, have long posed significant challenges to our medical system. In …

Living viruses characterized by distinctive biological functions including specific targeting,
gene invasion, immune modulation, and so forth have been receiving intensive attention …

To realize the full potential of emerging nucleic acid therapies, there is a need for effective
delivery agents to transport cargo to cells of interest. Protein materials exhibit several unique …

Background In yeast, recombinant membrane proteins including viral scaffold proteins used
for the formation of enveloped Virus-like particles (eVLPs) typically accumulate …