Background Few studies have assessed participant safety in human challenge trials (HCTs).
Key questions regarding HCTs include how risky such trials have been, how often adverse …

Mandatory vaccination, including for COVID-19, can be ethically justified if the threat to
public health is grave, the confidence in safety and effectiveness is high, the expected utility …

Human brain organoids can partly mimic the structure and function of human brains in vitro,
thereby providing a platform for investigating health and disease in the human brain …

Human challenge experiments could accelerate tuberculosis vaccine development. This
requires a safe Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain that can both replicate in the host …

In contrast to most publications on the ethics of paying research subjects, which start by
identifying and analyzing major ethical concerns raised by the practice (in particular, risks of …

Seven COVID-19 vaccines are now being distributed and administered around the world
(figure correct at the time of submission), with more on the horizon. It is widely accepted that …

To prepare for potential human infection challenge studies (HICS) involving SARS-CoV-2,
we convened a multidisciplinary working group to address ethical questions regarding …

Human challenge trials (HCTs) are a potential method to accelerate development of
vaccines and therapeutics. However, HCTs for COVID‐19 pose ethical and practical …

Ethical human subjects research requires participants to be treated safely and respectfully,
yet much bioethical debate takes place without participants. We aim to address this gap in …

Background Little is known about global practices regarding the provision of reimbursement
for the participation of people who are incarcerated in research. To determine current …