Aims: A central paradigm of global anti-doping policy is detection-based deterrence, ie the
risk of testing and exclusion from sport are effective doping deterrents. This paper …

As ongoing high-profile drug scandals have demonstrated, sports organisations rarely have
a coherent strategy to manage the role and relationship their sport has with different types of …

In anti-doping policy, the doping control process is approached from a technical point of
view in which sample collection is a mechanical part of a standard procedure. In this study …

Athletes who compete may be subjected to urine doping tests after each competition,
training session, or at other occasions. Despite the restrictions and penalties, doping still …

Doping presents a threat to clean sport, it is a threat to fair play and to the values that sport
can teach–hard work, discipline, integrity, honour. The responsibility for the anti-doping work …