Macrophages destroy bacteria and other microorganisms through phagocytosis-coupled
antimicrobial responses, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species and the delivery …

Infectious diseases continue to claim many lives. Prevention of morbidity and mortality from
these diseases would benefit not just from new medicines and vaccines but also from a …

Innate immune pattern recognition receptors, such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are key
mediators of the immune response to infection and central to our understanding of health …

Infections caused by coronaviruses are persistent threats to human health in recent
decades, necessitating the development of innovative anti-coronaviral therapies. RNA …

Antibacterial lysozyme hydrogels show attractive advantages in wound dressings due to
their intrinsic antibacterial activity and excellent biochemical and mechanical properties …

Infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii leads to production of interferon gamma (IFNγ)
that stimulates cells to upregulate defense proteins targeting the parasite for cell intrinsic …

Background The innate immune system serves as the host's first line of defense against
invading pathogens. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a key component of this …

Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that consist of a sensor, an adaptor,
and a caspase enzyme to cleave interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 into their mature forms. In …

Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines with diverse functions in host resistance to
pathogens and in immune regulation. Type II IFN, ie IFN-γ, is widely recognized as a major …

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that can activate the NLRP1 inflammasome
leading to macrophage pyroptosis in Lewis rats, but the underlying mechanism is not well …