Fungi are major ecological players in both terrestrial and aquatic environments by cycling
organic matter and channelling nutrients across trophic levels. High-throughput sequencing …

After replanting apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) on the same site severe growth
suppressions, and a decline in yield and fruit quality are observed in all apple producing …

The symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with plants, the most ancient and
widespread association, exhibits phenotypes that range from mutualism to parasitism …

The world's ecosystems are characterized by an unequal distribution of resources [1]. Trade
partnerships between organisms of different species—mutualisms—can help individuals …

The activity of microorganisms in soil is important for a robust functioning of soil and related
ecosystem services. Hence, there is a necessity to identify the composition, diversity, and …

Biological market theory provides a conceptual framework to analyse trade strategies in
symbiotic partnerships. A key prediction of biological market theory is that individuals can …

Arbuscular mycorrhiza, one of the oldest interactions on earth (~ 450 million years old) and a
first-class partner for plants to colonize emerged land, is considered one of the most …

Pseudoperonospora cubensis is an obligate oomycete and cause of cucurbit downy mildew
(CDM), the most destructive foliar disease affecting cucurbit hosts. Annual epidemics …

Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) are beneficial soil fungi that can promote the growth of
their host plants. Accurate quantification of AMF in plant roots is important because the level …

Associations formed between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are
characterized by the bi-directional exchange of fungal-acquired soil nutrients for plant-fixed …