Abstract MCP-1 (Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), also known as Chemokine (CC-motif)
ligand 2 (CCL2), is from family of CC chemokines. It has a vital role in the process of …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), with increasing incidence, is the major cause of vision loss and
blindness worldwide in working-age adults. Diabetic macular edema (DME) remains the …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic complication which affects retinal function and results
in severe loss of vision and relevant retinal diseases. Retinal vascular dysfunction caused …

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and the
leading cause of low vision and blindness worldwide. Mounting evidence demonstrates that …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is cause of the novel
coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In the last two years, SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of …

Mounting evidence suggests that immunological mechanisms play a fundamental role in the
pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Upregulation …

Evidence suggests that uncontrolled immune system responses and their components play
a significant role in developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is considered an …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is associated with retinal neovascularization, hard exudates,
inflammation, oxidative stress and cell death, leading to vision loss. Anti-vascular …

The eye is an immune privileged tissue that insulates the visual system from local and
systemic immune provocation to preserve homeostatic functions of highly specialized retinal …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness that poses significant public health
concerns worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays a key role …