Host cell death is an intrinsic immune defense mechanism in response to microbial infection.
However, bacterial pathogens use many strategies to manipulate the host cell death and …

Summary While interleukin (IL)-1β plays an important role in combating the invading
pathogen as part of the innate immune response, its dysregulation is responsible for a …

Background/Aim: Plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a product of intestinal microbial
metabolism of dietary phosphatidylcholine has been recently associated with …

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen and the
causative agent of blinding trachoma. Although Chlamydia is protected from humoral …

Nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) proteins are a family
of innate immune receptors that play a pivotal role in microbial sensing, leading to the …

Oxidative stress and inflammation—two components of the natural host response to injury—
constitute important etiologic factors in atherogenesis. The pro‐inflammatory cytokine …

In recent years, substantial progress has been made in the understanding of the intracellular
lifestyle of Chlamydia trachomatis and how the bacteria establish themselves in the human …

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening disease that occurs in immunodepressed
patients when infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. This fungus is the second most-common …

The mechanisms of chronic infections caused by opportunistic pathogens are of keen
interest to both researchers and health professionals globally. Typically, chronic infectious …

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) constitute highly pathogenic virus that cause severe
respiratory diseases in newborn, children, elderly and immuno-compromised individuals …