Women appear to be more vulnerable to the depressogenic effects of inflammation than
men. Chronic stress, one of the most pertinent risk factors of depression and anxiety, is …

Psychological stress during childhood and adolescence increases risk of health problems
across the lifecourse, and inflammation is implicated as an underlying mechanism. To …

In this article, we examine evidence supporting the role of reproductive steroids in the
regulation of mood and behavior in women and the nature of that role. In the first half of the …

As is reported, the incidence and prevalence of depression are higher in women than in
men, but the cause of this sex difference remains elusive. Although recent studies implicated …

Exposure to stressors disrupts homeostasis and results in the release of stress hormones
including glucocorticoids, epinepherine and norepinepherine. Interestingly, stress also has …

Inflammation and social behavior deficits are associated with a number of neuropsychiatric
disorders. Chronic stress, a major risk factor for depression and other mental health …

Current treatments modalities for major depressive disorder (MDD) mainly target
monoaminergic neurotransmission. However, the therapeutic inadequacy and adverse …

Women are roughly twice as likely as men to suffer from stress-related disorders, especially
major depression and generalized anxiety. Accumulating evidence suggest that microbes …

Exposure of an organism to chronic psychosocial stress may affect brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression that has been implicated in the etiology of psychiatric …

Mutual regulation and balance between the endocrine and immune systems facilitate an
organism's stress response and are impaired following chronic stress or prolonged immune …