The ACCF/AHA writing committee to create the 2011 Guideline on the Management of
Patients With Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease (ECVD) conducted a …

The larynx is involved in swallowing, breathing, coughing, and phonation. All these functions
are heavily influenced by vocal fold motion and thus by an intact recurrent laryngeal nerve …

Objectives: To determine the current etiology of vocal fold immobility, identify changing
trends over the last 20 years, and compare results to historical reports. Study Design: The …

Objective/Background To review the incidence of post-carotid endarterectomy (CEA) cranial
nerve injury (CNI), and to evaluate the risk factors associated with increased CNI risk …

When considered as an independent diagnosis separate from other cardiovascular
diseases, stroke is the third leading cause of death in developed nations and a leading …

OBJECTIVE: Compared with other lower cranial nerves, the glossopharyngeal nerve
(GPhN) is well hidden within the jugular foramen, at the infratemporal fossa, and in the deep …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Small emboli arising from a friable plaque during carotid
endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stent placement (CAS) constitute a potentially …

Objectives. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the incidence and
distribution of cranial nerve injuries after carotid eversion endarterectomy (EEA) performed …

Vocal fold paralysis often leads to significant morbidity including dysphonia, dysphagia and
aspiration. An appropriate understanding of the pathophysiology, etiologies, and a …

Background: Vocal cord paralysis continues to be an important issue in laryngology and is
considered as a sign of underlying disease; the etiologies of this problem are varied and …